Spinosyns
e.g. spinosad, spinetoram
Allosterically activate nAChRs, causing hyperexcitation of the nervous system. Acetylcholine is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system.
Toxicity to beneficials
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Aphid parasitoids are small wasps, typically measuring 2-5 mm in length, with a slender body and distinctive narrow waist. They are commonly black or brown in colour....
Aphid parasitoids
Order: Hymenoptera
High - Very High toxicity
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Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the eggs of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)....
Lepidopteran egg parasitoids
Order: Hymenoptera
High toxicity
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Lacewings have elongated, slender bodies with prominent, bulging eyes. They measure 1 to 3 centimeters in length, varying by species. Their transparent wings have a delicate, net-like pattern resembli...
Lacewings
Family: Chrysopidae / Hemerobiidae
Moderate toxicity
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Ladybird adults are small, brightly coloured beetles with a rounded, dome-shaped body. The most commonly recognized ladybird species have red wing cases (elytra) with varying numbers of dark spots. Va...
Ladybird beetles
Family: Coccinellidae
Moderate toxicity
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Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the caterpillars of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)....
Lepidopteran larval parasitoids
Order: Hymenoptera
Very High toxicity
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Predatory bugs belong to the family Hemiptera or true bugs. This group includes many pest insects, but there are also many important beneficial insects. Some species are quite small, measuring a few m...
Predatory bugs
Order: Hemiptera
Moderate toxicity
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Predatory mites are a diverse group of small arthropods, between 0.2 to 3 millimeters in length, depending on the species. The body shape may vary slightly depending on the species, but they are gener...
Predatory mites
Low - High toxicity
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Rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) are a diverse group of beetles with elongated bodies, typically black or dark brown. They possess prominent forward projecting chewing mouthparts that are adapted f...
Rove beetles
Family: Staphylinidae
Low toxicity