Organophosphates

e.g. omethoate, dimethoate, carbamate, chlorpyrifos,

Inhibit AChE, causing hyperexcitation. AChE is the enzyme that terminates the action of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine at nerve synapses.

Resistant pests

The redlegged earth mite is a common and widespread pest of pastures and most broad-acre crops. Redlegged earth mites are commonly controlled using insecticides, however, non-chemical options are beco...

Redlegged earth mite

Halotydeus destructor

Moderate resistance

The bluegreen aphid, also known as Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a small, soft bodied insect belonging to the family Aphididae that attacks pulse crops primarily, including lucerne, annual medics and subter...

Bluegreen aphid

Acyrthosiphon kondoi

Moderate resistance

Green peach aphids are a soft bodied pest of various broadacre, broadleaf, and horticultural crops. They grow up to 3 mm long and vary in colour from shiny pale yellow-green, green, orange or pink. Ad...

Green peach aphid

Myzus persicae

Low resistance

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a small (10mm), but notorious pest that poses a significant threat to cruciferous crops like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and kale. With a wingspan of ...

Diamondback moth

Plutella xylostella

High resistance

Toxicity to beneficials

Ladybird adults are typically small, brightly coloured beetles with varying numbers of dark spots on their wing cases (elytra)....

Ladybird beetles

Family: Coccinellidae

High - Very High toxicity

Aphid parasitoids are small wasps, typically measuring 2-5 mm in length, with a slender body and distinctive narrow waist. They are commonly black or brown in color. In Australia, various families of ...

Aphid parasitoids

Order: Hymenoptera

Very High toxicity

Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the eggs of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In Austr...

Lepidopteran egg parasitoids

Order: Hymenoptera

Very High toxicity

Lacewings have elongated, slender bodies with prominent, bulging eyes a slender and narrow shape. They measure 1 to 3 centimeters in length, varying by species. Their transparent wings exhibit a delic...

Lacewings

Family: Chrysopidae / Hemerobiidae

Very High toxicity

Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the caterpillars of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). ...

Lepidopteran larval parasitoids

Order: Hymenoptera

Very High toxicity

Predatory bugs belong to the family Hemiptera or true bugs. This group of insects includes many pest insects, but there are also many important natural enemies. Some species are quite small, measuring...

Predatory bugs

Order: Hemiptera

Very High toxicity

Predatory mites are a diverse group of small arthropods, between 0.2 to 3 millimeters in length, depending on the species. The body shape may vary slightly depending on the species, but they are gener...

Predatory mites

High - Very High toxicity

Rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) are a diverse group of beetles with elongated bodies, typically black or dark brown. They possess prominent forward projecting chewing mouthparts that are adapted f...

Rove beetles

Family: Staphylinidae

Very High toxicity

Spiders feed on a wide range of pests, including flies, mosquitoes, aphids, caterpillars, beetles, and other insects that can damage crops. By preying on these pests, spiders help reduce their numbers...

Spiders

Order: Araneae

High - Very High toxicity