Spinosyns

e.g. spinosad, spinetoram

Allosterically activate nAChRs, causing hyperexcitation of the nervous system. Acetylcholine is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system.

Toxicity to beneficials

Aphid parasitoids are small wasps, typically measuring 2-5 mm in length, with a slender body and distinctive narrow waist. They are commonly black or brown in color. In Australia, various families of ...

Aphid parasitoids

Order: Hymenoptera

High - Very High toxicity

Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the eggs of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). In Austr...

Lepidopteran egg parasitoids

Order: Hymenoptera

High toxicity

Lacewings have elongated, slender bodies with prominent, bulging eyes a slender and narrow shape. They measure 1 to 3 centimeters in length, varying by species. Their transparent wings exhibit a delic...

Lacewings

Family: Chrysopidae / Hemerobiidae

Moderate toxicity

Ladybird adults are typically small, brightly coloured beetles with varying numbers of dark spots on their wing cases (elytra)....

Ladybird beetles

Family: Coccinellidae

Low - Moderate toxicity

Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the caterpillars of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). ...

Lepidopteran larval parasitoids

Order: Hymenoptera

Very High toxicity

Predatory bugs belong to the family Hemiptera or true bugs. This group of insects includes many pest insects, but there are also many important natural enemies. Some species are quite small, measuring...

Predatory bugs

Order: Hemiptera

Low - Moderate toxicity

Predatory mites are a diverse group of small arthropods, between 0.2 to 3 millimeters in length, depending on the species. The body shape may vary slightly depending on the species, but they are gener...

Predatory mites

Low - High toxicity

Rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) are a diverse group of beetles with elongated bodies, typically black or dark brown. They possess prominent forward projecting chewing mouthparts that are adapted f...

Rove beetles

Family: Staphylinidae

Low toxicity