Spinosyns
e.g. spinosad, spinetoram
Allosterically activate nAChRs, causing hyperexcitation of the nervous system. Acetylcholine is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system.
Toxicity to beneficials
Aphid parasitoids are small wasps, typically measuring 2-5 mm in length, with a slender body and distinctive narrow waist. They are commonly black or brown in colour....
Aphid parasitoids
Order: Hymenoptera
High - Very High toxicity
Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the eggs of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)....
Lepidopteran egg parasitoids
Order: Hymenoptera
High toxicity
Lacewings have elongated, slender bodies with prominent, bulging eyes. They measure 1 to 3 centimeters in length, varying by species. Their transparent wings have a delicate, net-like pattern resembli...
Lacewings
Family: Chrysopidae / Hemerobiidae
Moderate toxicity
Ladybird adults are small, brightly coloured beetles with a rounded, dome-shaped body. The most commonly recognized ladybird species have red wing cases (elytra) with varying numbers of dark spots. Va...
Ladybird beetles
Family: Coccinellidae
Moderate toxicity
Locally occuring parasitoids can be highly effective at suppressing pest populations, and there is a wide diversity of parasitoids that target the caterpillars of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)....
Lepidopteran larval parasitoids
Order: Hymenoptera
Very High toxicity
Predatory bugs belong to the family Hemiptera or true bugs. This group includes many pest insects, but there are also many important beneficial insects. Some species are quite small, measuring a few m...
Predatory bugs
Order: Hemiptera
Moderate toxicity
Predatory mites are a diverse group of small arthropods, between 0.2 to 3 millimeters in length, depending on the species. The body shape may vary slightly depending on the species, but they are gener...
Predatory mites
Low - High toxicity
Rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) are a diverse group of beetles with elongated bodies, typically black or dark brown. They possess prominent forward projecting chewing mouthparts that are adapted f...
Rove beetles
Family: Staphylinidae
Low toxicity
